His increasing power and great ambition agitated many senators who feared Caesar aspired to be king. In 44 B.C.E., Caesar declared himself dictator for life. He also granted citizenship to foreigners living within the Roman Republic. This meant that they were members of the oldest aristocratic class at Rome. He was born into a wealthy family with noble lineage, with his family being patricians. At the same time, he sponsored the building of the Forum Iulium and rebuilt two city-states, Carthage and Corinth. Julius Caesar was born on 12 July 100 BC in Rome, Italy, to his father (also named Gaius Julius Caesar), and his mother Aurelia Cotta. He wielded his power to enlarge the senate, created needed government reforms, and decreased Rome’s debt. Returning to Italy, Caesar consolidated his power and made himself dictator. This sparked a civil war between Caesar’s forces and forces of his chief rival for power, Pompey, from which Caesar emerged victorious. When his rivals in Rome demanded he return as a private citizen, he used these riches to support his army and marched them across the Rubicon River, crossing from Gaul into Italy. Throughout his eight-year governorship, he increased his military power and, more importantly, acquired plunder from Gaul. His Roman troops conquered Gallic tribes by exploiting tribal rivalries. Returning to Rome, he formed political alliances that helped him become governor of Gaul, an area that included what is now France and Belgium. Seizing the opportunity, Caesar advanced in the political system and briefly became governor of Spain, a Roman province.
Caesar had a son with Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt. During his youth, the Roman Republic was in chaos. JBCE MaBCE Caesar became the first Roman figure to be deified. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who named himself dictator of the Roman Empire, a rule that lasted less than one year before he was famously assassinated by political rivals in 44 B.C.E.Ĭaesar was born on July 12 or 13 in 100 B.C.E.
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